Paul Timmers is visiting research fellow for cybersecurity policy and digital transformation at the University of Oxford. Until 2017 he was director at the European Commission for Digital Society, Trust & Cybersecurity, dealing with digital health & active ageing, e-government, smart cities/mobility/energy, cybersecurity and digital privacy including EU legislation (cybersecurity, e-privacy, eID, CEF/Telecom, AAL). He was also co-responsible for R & I & deployment funding in health/ageing, security, and innovation as well as European Innovation Partnerships on Smart Cities and on Active & Healthy Ageing. He has been an interim member of the EC’s impact assessment board and cabinet member of European Commissioner Liikanen.